At present, the food sector is failing to identify and directly address the needs of this ageing population, with affordable, palatable and practical food solutions. Adequate intake of protein is one of the key nutritional factors to maintain independence, predominantly by preventing loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), frailty and associated comorbidities in later life. The considerable size of this cohort has seen increasing interest from policy officials in utilizing dietary guidance to maintain or improve their health and wellbeing to promote healthy ageing. In the UK, it is projected that by 2035 the majority of the population will be aged 40 or older. The review considers the protein needs of an ageing population (>40 years old), sustainable protein sources, appetite-related implications of diets high in plant proteins, and related areas for future research. Protein is known to be more satiating than other macronutrients, and it is unclear whether diets high in plant proteins affect the appetite of older adults as they should be recommended for individuals at risk of malnutrition. However, the environmental effects of increasing animal-protein production are a concern, and alternative, more sustainable protein sources should be considered. New evidence suggests that current dietary recommendations for protein intake may be insufficient to achieve this goal and that individuals might benefit by increasing their intake and frequency of consumption of high-quality protein. In part, this can be achieved by maintaining muscle mass and strength as people age. With an ageing population, dietary approaches to promote health and independence later in life are needed.
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